This painting has been attributed to a follower of Quinten Massys (Flemish, c. 1465-1530), the father of the “Antwerp School” of painters. Like his contemporary, the German master painter Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528), Massys’ work combined Northern techniques and traditions with the new ideas of the Italian Renaissance. Here, the Virgin has been painted in chiaroscuro (strong contrasts between light and shade), a technique of the Italian Renaissance.